We’ve looked at the lavish containers that held the relic bones of medieval saints, but this lecture will explore the ideas behind these holy objects. From reformer John Calvin’s quip that the Virgin Mary lactated more than a cow since since so much of her “authentic” holy breast milk survived, to the dream appearance of one saint asking to be stolen from her current shrine, to the repurposing of executed criminals’ remains to bring renown to a local church, medieval relics captivate and challenge our conception of the holy in the Middle Ages. Join us as we admire the stunning gilded and gem-encrusted containers that enclose relics, and learn the equally fascinating stories behind manifested miracles, occasionally dubious origins, and mysterious heists.